Automatic firearm.



G. AGNELLI.

AUTOMATIC FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I7. 1914.

1,187,957. Patented'lune 20,1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

y l" j @V C A Fw 5 N G. AGNELLI.

AUTOMATIC FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. IT, T914.

y; LTI@ 9957. Patented June 20,1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

NT FFICE.

GIOVAINNI AGNELLI, OF TURIN, ITALY.

.AUTOMATIC FIREARM.

Specication of Letters Patent.

ratenteiraune 2o, 1916.

Application filed February 17, 1914. Serial No. 819,226.

To aZZ whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, GIOVANNI AGNELLI, a

subject of the King of Italy, residing aty Via Burdin 38, Turin, in the Kingdom -of Italy, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Firearms, of Which the following is a specification.

In automatic firearms such as riies, pistols and the like with a breech bolt displaceable longitudinally and circularly and having a head provided with wings, closing is obtained at the moment of firing by these wings being brought into contact with counter wings located at the rear portion of the barrel or with an extension which is integral with the barrel of the weapon.

The present invention relates to improvements in this class of firearms, these'improvements having for their object to press embodying the features of the present invention, the parts being shown in the positions assumed at the moment of closing the breech. Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view thereof. Fig. 3 is a view simila y to Fig. 1, showing the parts in firing position. Fig. 4 is a bottom plan view of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional View showing the position of the parts at the end of the recoil.l Fig. 6 is a bottom plan view of Fig. 5. Figs. 7 to 12, inclusive, are views similar to Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, and showing another. embodiment of the invention.

The breech bolt 0 is cylindrical and provided with wings a. and witha lever I and carries inside it a cylindrical hollow firing pin P inside which is also housed a spiral spring M which acts merely as a recuperator spring and not as a firing spring.

The obturator runs in the frame c1 or receiver which is provided with a groove or channel g intended to guide the case a of the firing pin P in a constantly rectilineal f direction. A tooth s round or parallelepiped in form slides in this base; the front portion of this tooth is limited by a helicoidal sur-- 'face which bears upon the helicoidal face e' formed in the body of the breech bolt closure itself. A spring m presses the tooth for-- ward and a pin c passing through'a small slot ci in the tooth, limits the travel of this tooth. When the tooth occupies its eXtreme rearward position, its front edge is on a level with the front face of the base while the rear face bears upon the bottom of the base itself.

Fig. l'represents the mechanism at the moment of closing the breech bolt closure.

`The firing pin P under the influence of the spring M causes the breech bolt closure O to advance and when the latter has reached the end of its travel, the wings a lodge behind the counter wings of the barrel, the front face of the tooth s ending inra helicoidal surface, presses upon the helicoidal face e of the breech-bolt causing it to rotate completely through the angle corresponding to the width of the slot and thus effecting its complete closing. In this position, the point p of the firing pin remains concealed in the hollow head of the breech bolt closure, because the firing pin is retained bythe a'ction of the spring m.

The hammer K which is able to rotate about the pivot q ,applied to the fixed portion ofthe weapon, is held in cocked position by a Sear, -not shown, engaging a notch t of the hub of the hammer. Y

Assuming that the hammer is caused to fall by acting upon the trigger, the hammer will overcome the counterI action of the spring fm, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4: and will compress it in causing the firing pin to advance until its point projects from the head of the breech bolt closure and in striking upon the cap lires the weapon. Finally assuming that by means of a known automatic system the breech bolt closure is caused to rotate inversely, then, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the breech bolt closure in rotating will cause the firing pin to recede by the action of its helicoidal surface which will press upon the tooth s and upon the rear wall of the base z and consequently the breech bolt closure and the striker will recede together maintaining their distance unaltered (as is the case in ordinary military rifles) vand the phases f described above are repeated in' suca cession. In this :form e ofi mechanism, thev yringvpin is not stopped-during vthe rwhole ,of its forwardv travel:by anytrigger lever or other obstacle but servessolely as means for transmitting the thrust of vthe recuperatol'- ispring toi the breech ,bolt; closure and rcause-it to advance-and to :rotate in order'to v produce the closing The vtiring pin is vthus,

`retained between the two counter springs M vand, mand it is only thev percussion otthe v hammer which, in striking it in its rear por-vr tion, transmits the blow tothe point: ofthe yfiring vpinv and vconsequently tothe capot v The hammer thepresentinventiorn o vIn Figs.r v7 to 12, which illustrate another sure is not modified. i

j y embodiment; of the inventiomthe breech clor30i t The firing pin-:Pv carries va-ixedv base e, whose frontk faceviso'helicoidal in form and' v vcmtaets.with the helicoidal faceofpthef breech bolt. vThe hub yof the-hammer carf ries a projection A stop device?) pressed upwardly by a spring n so as to bring the stop b in front of the part e so as to normally hold. the lfiring pin retracted within the breech-bolt. This stop device b is provided with a trip 71. which lies in the path of the projection r on the hub of the hammer and is depressed thereby so as to ,withdraw the stop b from the part e just priorto the striking of the hammer 7c against the rear end of the firing pin.

When at the end of the recoil, the breech bolt and the ring pin again move forward together under the influence of the recuperator spring M, the firing pin is stopped by the nose bof the scar-h; during the Same. period the breech bolt has commenced to ro-v tate and its wings have already. comel into contact with the counter wings on' the barrel; as a result of the impulse communlcated to it, the breech bolt completes its rotation.

although during the latter portion thereof it is not retained by the pressure of the firing pin'; it should however, be noted that the breech boltis only able to rotate through a small angle as otherwise it would strike against the front face of the base e ofthe firing pin.`

By means of a suitable device which is not here described, the complete rotation of ig.-9 -'shows'themechanism at the moment of firing; the seark lb inf'descendingi f yhas releasedf'the iringvpinwhichunder thev i f v Kv derljbed above :may be E thrustof the hammer, advances so that its replaced by a ycylindrical hammer pressedv 1 parallel with the axis of; theweaponi orobj liquely thereto vby a special spring vor by some other known means forming nov partv of vrthe breech bolt and its stoppage vin its inal :position might be insured.

of; forward rotation andr byy means' of vthev "projection/r, will depress the Sear b and re- 'lease theiiring pinv which'will complete itsk i vtravel-and cause vthebreech boltv to rotate'v completely; immediately afterwarfil the hammer inv descending willfproduce iiring.`

ig. 7-represents the mechanism at ythe .moment of the complete adfance of;l the breech bolt and they stoppage 'of the vtiring f 'pin at the; endof-iits: travel: at 1 vor 2 mm. vbehind the head of thebreechbolt.v

o Fig.; 8 represents the `brei-aah boltfand the firing pin aslviewedf from below' vatthe 1mo-` ment of operation f described.v f v such a manner `as to fire vthe weapon.y

` Fig; l0 representsthe breechv bolt and :the f90 n v iringlpin vasvviewedvfrom belowV at thispoint i t inthe operation. v

"Fig: 11 representsthebre'elch;boltv in its rotated position vwhich f causes the iring pin itorecede in 'such a manner; that the hammen commences to be pressed rearward 'Fig'. l2 is an vunc'l'erneath v Viewe of the .breech bolt and kof rthe `firing* pin 'this j i point in the operation.I

; WhatlI claim and'fdesire'ftc')*securebyv 1s pivoted at v and 1s Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A firing .device for firearms, comprising a rotatable and endwise movable breechbolt, a non-rotatable and endwise movable firing pin within the breech-bolt, the 4breechbolt having a longitudinal opening therein, the firing pin having a guide projection workingin said opening and adapted toengage a guideway in a stationary part of the firearm, and means coperating with the projecting portion of the tiring pin to lgold the same retracted within the breech- 2. A firing device for firearms, comprising a rotatable and endwise movable breechbolt, a non-rotatable and endwise movable firing pin within the breech-bolt, the breechbolt having a longitudinal opening therein, the. tiring pin having a guide projection working in said opening and adapted to engagea guideway in a stationary part of the firearm, means coperating with the projecting portion of the firing pin to hold the sameI retracted within the breech-bolt, and a hammer coperating with the projecting portion of the firing pin.

3. A firing device for firearms, comprising a rotatable and endwise movable hollow breech-bolt, ,a non-rotatable and endwise movable iringvpin within the breech-bolt,

a recuperatorspring acting on the firing In testimony whereof I aiiX my signature pin to brinlg the device to normal positi in presence of tWo Witnesses.

after recoi, and means to normally ho the firing pin retracted Within the breech- GIOVANNI AGNELLI bolt and to permit of the ring pin being Witnesses:

driven forwardly in the breech-bolt for ANGELO MINOLAR,

firing purposes. C. S. FEYLEB. 

